Paper
Improving Access to Jobs and Earnings Opportunities – The Role of Activation and Graduation Policies in Developing Countries
Designing interventions to help the most vulnerable people access earning opportunities
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128 pages
This paper proposes a policy framework highlighting common barriers to productive employment. The framework aims to guide the assessment and design of interventions improving access to jobs and earnings opportunities in various contexts. The paper reviews the effectiveness of policies, discussing both incentive compatibility and employment support programs. It relates to the World Bank's analytical and operational agenda on promoting employability and activation of the most vulnerable.The paper demonstrates that initiatives to activate individuals and improve their employability are promising, but knowledge gaps exist about the best ways to design and implement relevant policies and programs. Findings include:
- Activation and active labor market programs play an important role in connecting individuals to jobs and improving earnings opportunities in middle income countries;
- These programs are not the solution to graduating beneficiaries out of poverty in low income countries;
- Ongoing activation and graduation agendas call for more integrated social protection and labor systems;
- Successful activation policies emphasize assessment of beneficiaries constraints to employability, through beneficiary profiling and program customization;
- Cross-disciplinary research is needed to strengthen the evidence base and develop recommendations for different contexts and capacity levels.
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